Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Environment and Climate Change in Panama Essay - 1521 Words

Environment and Climate Change in Panama Home to vast tropical rainforests, an immense variety of animal and plant species and the seaway that connects the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, Panama relies heavily on all these resources for its economy. However, environmental challenges threaten the sustainability of these assets and therefore create a significant problem for the country. This paper will examine the effect of weather and climate change on Panama coupled with a specific focus on the Panama Canal. It concentrates largely on the effects of deforestation, coupled with the effect of El-Nino, and examines how this has had significant economic and social consequences.†¦show more content†¦Secondly, smoke from forest fires can reduce rainfall and cloud cover can trap moisture, therefore inhibiting the formation of raindrops. The consequences of deforestation can be more severe if coupled with other conditions that contribute to a lack of precipitation. In Panama, deforestation was couple d with the warming effects of regional El-Nino phenomena, resulting in heavy droughts in the country. Especially during the extremely intense El-Nino conditions in 1982-83 and 1997-98, Panama was faced with severe conditions. Drought conditions, due to the double effect of El-Nino and deforestation have a variety of environmental and economic consequences. Primarily, it affects agricultural production, especially of dairy, corn and rice, together with reducing the quality and quantity ofShow MoreRelatedThe impacts of the closure of the panama gateway are inconclusive. There are multiple models that600 Words   |  3 PagesThe impacts of the closure of the panama gateway are inconclusive. There are multiple models that have tried to infer the ocean current patterns that do not agree with each other. There is evidence that the salinity levels in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea changed but it is not certain what caused the alteration. The biodiversity changed as the current and salinity of the ocean changed. The closure of the gateway can also be credited with the â€Å"Great American exchange†. Ocean circulationRead More Panama History and Culture Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesPanama History and Culture The culture and political structures of Panama as we know it today has evolved from an incredibly diverse and interesting history. Geographically, Panama lies on an isthmus, a strip of land that essentially connects the greater landmasses of North and South America. It is believed that volcanic activity in the late Pliocene era closed the former Central American Seaway that had separated the two continents. The climatic implications of this landformRead MoreEvolutionary Theory : Climate Change On Evolution899 Words   |  4 PagesEvolutionary Theory: Climate Change on Evolution Evolution is the process of change that occurs in the traits of a population of a species over many years. At the molecular level, dissimilarities of an individual’s genes, known as the genotype, result in the change of their physical characteristics, or phenotype. There are three main driving forces that trigger evolution in a population. Those three include: natural selection, change in the gene pool through mating, and genetic variation betweenRead MoreThe Effects Of Overpopulation On The Environment1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdownfall of the environment it rises over. Water is becoming polluted and scarce, land is shrinking, and extensive use of fuel is contaminating the atmosphere. Deforestation and global climate change are causing a downfall in biodiversity around the world. One can argue that overpopulation is the cause of all these phenomena, and one could argue differently. As with all scientific questions, results will be collected, questioned, and discussed. Does o verpopulation globally impact the environment? With theRead MoreIntroduction Agalychnis callidryas is a species of tree frogs found in the tropical rainforests of1600 Words   |  7 Pagescondition of their habitat is of great concern. Extremes such as global warming, wetland drainage, climate changes, pollution and deforestation have taken a severe toll on their habitat. Amphibians in general tend to suffer more rapidly from environmental changes than other animals in the rainforest so if they are beginning to suffer then it is only a matter of time before those environmental changes begin affecting other animals (Boman 2002). Agalychnis callidryas prefer the warm and humid temperaturesRead MoreThe Amazing Achievement Of Building The Panama Canal Did Not Come Without Great Loss1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe astounding achievement of building the Panama Canal did not come without great loss. Within great achievement and betterment of the world, sometimes comes great tragedy. Great change also doesn’t happen without a strong fight. The workers who helped build the canal knew what they were up against. They knew that famine, disease, dangerous jobs, and a great deal of loss of human life laid ahead, but these workers were willing to sacrifice everything to see this canal built. They knew the economicRead MoreHumans Are Destroying The Earth867 Words   |  4 PagesEarth There have been various changes taking place on the earth. Some of the changes have been positive while others have been negative. Man has been associated with various activities that have contributed to significant destruction of earth and species or animals that occur in these areas. However, sometimes natural causes are associated with the destruction of the environment. There are various ways in which man have been associated with destruction of the environment. Some of the common ways inRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On The Environment1616 Words   |  7 Pagesovershot, and can have a devastating impact on the environment. There is an estimated loss of 18 million acres of forest each year. That is roughly equivalent to the size of the country Panama. That is equivalent to a loss of 36 football fields of forest every minute. This leads to the destruction of the habitats of thousands of animals, and plays a huge role in climate change. Deforestation is believed to be the leading cause of climate change, contributing 1.6 billion tons of greenhouse gases,Read MoreThe Impact Of Environmental Sustainability On The Environment Essay721 Words   |  3 Pagesnecessary to reduce poverty and increase the wellbeing of not only today’s people, but for future generations.(1) These global environment isssues require a global solution. However inequality between countries creates environmental issues, uneven development, and difficulty and finding solutions. (2) I believe as humans we are dependent on the environment. Sustaining the environment to me trumpets all other goals the UN proposes to meet. Ensuring environmental stability is the core that allows the otherRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Ocean Temperature1052 Words   |  5 PagesIndicators: Ocean temperature Since 1970 the ocean temperature has been increasing at an unprecedented rate, this is indicating accelerated climate change as the water is heating along with the globe. Sea level The glaciers in Greenland and the arctic are melting due to the rising temperature causing the water level to rise. Ice surface area The ice surface across the globe is receding at an alarming rate year after year, as the water and globe warm the ice is not able to stay frozen. Increased droughts

Monday, December 23, 2019

Occupy Wall Street - 1600 Words

Occupy Wall Street BUS 309 February 4, 2013 Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is the name given to a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York Citys Wall Street financial district. The Canadian group and magazine Adbusters initiated the call for protest with assistance from the Manhattan-based public relations firm Workhorse, who was well-known for its successful work on brands including Mercedes and Saks Fifth Avenue. The ensuing series of events helped lead to media awareness that inspired Occupy protests and movements around the world. In awarding Workhorse its Platinum Award, industry publication PRNews noted the results, obviously, have been spectacular. There’s hardly a newspaper, Internet†¦show more content†¦As long as the economy and government are rigged in favor of the top economic 0.1%, we will all lose they claim. The above mentioned points that the OWS movement was based on can be discussed and interpreted in differing contexts. A Utilitarian would argue that what the wealthiest are the ones that keep the economy going, and that by their actions, the rest can survive. Utilitarianism acts for what results produce the greatest balance of good over bad for everyone involved. This is the internal struggle. Do the actions of the economic elite produce enough good for greater balance of people involved? Several key points to consider when analyzing would be how the actions affect people to different degrees, how certain actions produce different results in different circumstances, and how will these actions affect the greater good in the long run. OWS protestors claim that the income disparity between the top 1% and the remaining population, along with lack of jobs are causing greater harm. They want those who help create the economic downturn to be held more financially responsible for helping to rebuild the economy. Criticisms of Utilitarianism would be what or who determines what the greater good is. As a Capitalistic society, we are entitled to do with our money what we wish, even if that means spending it unwisely, where it could be more beneficial to be spent other ways. While I am not naà ¯ve to think all of the economic eliteShow MoreRelatedThe Occupy Wall Street1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Occupy Wall Street began in fall of 2011 in response to an email which was sent by online publication Adbusters. In this call-to-arms, those without jobs or other such responsibilities were urged to make their way to Manhattan for a long-term civil protest. The purpose of this gathering would be to decry the prevalence of corruption in the United States government, specifically as it related to Wall Street. (Economic Sociology and Political Economy)The physical movement began in a private NewRead MoreOccupy Wall Street1528 Words   |  7 PagesOccupy Wall Street By: Jennifer Pates 2/1/2013 Professor Chester Galloway Bus301: Business Ethics I have to admit that even though the Occupy Wall Street Movement has been all over the news I did not truly understand the stance of it, nor did I really get involved with it. While doing research for this paper I was able to get a better understanding of the basis of the movement as well as the facts pertaining to it. The movement started on Wall Street but has spread across the US. The basisRead MoreOccupy Wall Street2846 Words   |  12 PagesAmerica (US) experienced a financial crisis which affected the rest of the world. Investment banks and Wall Street crashed. It left a good portion of US citizens in debt, unemployed, homeless, etc. As a result, Occupy Wall Street became a movement to demonstrate that the people have had enough and started protesting and voicing their opinions. In terms of globalization, the development of ‘Occupy’ movements have altered the notion of social movements to which it is not just about highlighting andRead MoreOccupy Wall Street Essay 850 Words   |  4 PagesOccupy Wall Street’s opposing expression of the disparity between the wealthy and the poor may have begun in good faith by utilizing the Freedom of Speech and General Assembly amendment rights, but the strategies some of the protestors have demonstrated are resulting in adverse reactions against themselves. The Occupy Wall Street movement will assuredly cost affected cities in the double digits of millions of dollars. Increases in payroll, overtime, and business expenses will inadvertently backfireRead MoreOccupy Wall Street Movement1039 Words   |  5 PagesOccupy Wall Street Movement Moral and Ethical Implications Occupy Wall Street Movement Moral and Ethical Implications The Occupy Wall Street Movement that started in September 2011 in Liberty Square in the Finical District was movement organized by people to expose corruptions in cooperate America. The Occupy Wall Street Movement was known, as the peaceful protest due to it’s non-violent, non-aggressive nature and spread to over a one hundred and fifty cities crossRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement1625 Words   |  7 PagesStarted on September 17, 2011, the Occupy Wall Street Movement began in the Financial District of New York City and has received resonance in other American cities as well as to 82 other countries. Concentrating on how the current economic system has affected peoples’ lives, the movement raised issues about the lack in democracy of the financial system, social and economic inequality, and the connection between financial and political power. The income inequality between the rich and the poor wasRead MoreOccupy Wall Street Movement1612 Words   |  7 P agesOccupy Wall Street Movement Business Ethics 309 Discuss the moral and economic implications involved in the movement. September 17, 2011 is the day the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement began in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City. The main issues include social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the undue influence of corporations on government according to The New York Times. The mix of moral foundations based on ideas from the anthropologist Richard Shweder, outline sixRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement1982 Words   |  8 PagesThe Occupy Movement is an international activist movement that fosters social and economic change and originated from the actions of the Occupy Wall Street movement (source #7). The focus is on the Occupy Wall Street movement that was launched on September 17th 2011 and was catalysed by Adbusters activist Micah White. White created a web page about the corruption that was happening surrounding the financial crisis in the United States leading to the most recent recession. Large corporations basedRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay1049 Wor ds   |  5 Pages Occupy Wall Street has been called many things including: unfocused, ungrounded, and silly. Others coin it as â€Å"America’s first internet-era movement† (Rushkoff). In quintessence, Occupy Wall Street is a series of protests and demonstrations that oppose the influence that corporate greed has on American Democracy. The protestors manipulate marches and nonviolent demonstrations to express their dissatisfaction with the state of American Politics and economy. This relates to the political scienceRead MoreEssay on Occupy Wall Street Movement928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Occupy Wall Street Movement that began in New York Sept. 17 and has since spread like wildfire across the world has made an undeniable impact on the social and political climate of the Upper Midwest. | With various Occupy protest committees continuing to spring up across Minnesota and North Dakota, many working people in the region who, previously, might not have come together on other political issues say they have found common ground in the Occupy Movement. Union, non-union, white collar

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Superfund Program Free Essays

Superfund Program Peggy Toler E. Hansen/EVS1001-31 March 31, 2011 Peggy Toler 2 Superfund Program I did not know what a Superfund program was until I looked it up and then I found out that it is an act that is the cornerstone legislation that provides the mechanism and funding for the cleanup of potentially dangerous hazardous-waste sites and the protection of ground water and human health. When you live near a superfund site, you and your family are at risk of developing a disease from the exposure of the different pollutants in these sites and may experience a loss of value of your property. We will write a custom essay sample on Superfund Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now The EPA says that there are steps that we can take to fight back. They have also said that they have set up a â€Å"Post Construction† strategy to ensure that Superfund response actions provide for the long-term protection of human health and the environment. The Construction Completion activities also involve optimizing remedies to increase effectiveness and /or to reduce cost without sacrificing long-term protection. There is still a health hazard for those who live close to a Superfund site. The site that I have found in my state was the Chemtronic, Inc. in Swannanoa, NC. It is about 1,027 acres and only about 20 acres in total are contaminated with these pollutants. This property has had several owners and operators and it was first developed as an industrial site in 1952. After first opening the first products that were manufactured on this site were explosives, incapacitating agents, and chemical intermediates. There are about 23 individual on-site disposal areas that were identified during the investigation activities on this site. During 1971, the disposal practices were not well defined. Solid waste materials and possibly solvents were reportedly incinerated in pits dug in the burning ground these pits are known as the Acid Pit Peggy Toler 3 area. There are the chemical wastes that were also disposed of in the trenches located in the Acid Pit Area. All of the activities at this site ended in 1994, and no new activities are occurring on this site. There is no on-site ground water and surface water being used in any way for anything. This site is bordered up on the North and West sides by woodlands and primarily national forests. There are several industrial facilities to the immediate South of this site. In the contaminants contained in these on-site disposal areas there are volatile organic compounds which include (1,2-dichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethane, and tetrachloroethane), semi-volatile organic compounds which include benzophenone, benzylic acid, and explosives, and then there are the metals like chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The contaminants that are detected in the ground water include benzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethane, benzophenone, benzylic acid, picric acid, explosives, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc. The site cleanup plans were issued in 1988. The major cleanup elements for this site include the installation of a ground water extraction and treatment system down gradient of the disposal areas in both the front valley and the back valley which is known as the Gregg Valley, capping and fixation/stabilization for contaminated soil in the disposal areas. These capped areas are fence with a chain-link fence and marked. Then they have a monitoring program to be established for the surface water. The ROD has issued an amend for this site in 1989, that specified the deletion of the requirement to solidify soil in Disposal Area (DA-23) as a result of an error in the remedial investigation data which was carried over into the initial ROD. Peggy Toler 4 With the cleanup progress with the capping and stabilization/solidification or the contaminated soil in the disposal area began in 1991, and was completed in 1993. They have placed multi-layer caps in the following areas DA-6, DA-7/8, DA-9, DA-10/11, DA-23 and in the Acid Pit Area. They have also installed a gas venting system at the Acid Pit Area. The Rod of 1988, addressed only those disposal areas that were deemed CERCLA related. The other disposal areas on the property were considered Resource Conservation and Recovery Act also known as (RCRA) areas as prior to 1994. The potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for the site undertook corrective actions to improve the operation of both the extraction systems and treatment systems in both valleys. The corrections that have taken place have significantly reduced the down time to these systems experienced in the past. There have been two reviews that have been developed for the site in 2002 and 2007. The review that was done in 2007, they found that the site was protective of the human health and the environment in the short-term. The NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources requested that the EPA consolidate oversight of all site environmental remediation activities under the EPA’s superfund authority and relinquished the state’s RCRA oversight responsibilities for the site to the EPA’s Superfund program in March 2007. Recently the PRPs submitted the draft RI/FS Work Plan based on the Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) and accompanying statement of work. These cleanup activities have been undertaken by the PRPs with EPA’s oversight. Peggy Toler 5 There are three viable PRPs for the site that has been identified by EPA and they are Chemtronic, Inc. Northrop Grumman System Corporation, and CAN Holding, Inc. In 2008 the AOC signed by the PRPs and the EPA will address the cleanup for the former RCRA areas at the site that will now be addressed under CERCLA. The EPA has conducted a range of activities for the community to get involved at the Chemtronic site to solicit the c ommunity input and to ensure that the public remains informed about any of the site activities throughout the site cleanup process. These outreach activities include public notices, interviews and public meeting on these cleanup activities and updates. In the future they are monitoring the ground water at the site, they say that the field work for the revised RI/FS should begin in the summer of 2009, and the next FYR for these sites is expected in 2012. As you will find out the more we try to cleanup areas like this, we have other pollutants in the world. There are things that we can do to help with these pollutants like cleaning everything that we can and stop putting things into the ground. References * Boorse, D. F. amp; Wright, R. T. (2011) Environmental Science (11 Edition) * www. epa. gov/region4/waste/nplnc/chemtrnc. htm How to cite Superfund Program, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Research Security Vulnerability Tools Using Kali

Question: Discuss about the Research Security Vulnerability Tools Using Kali. Answer: Introduction of the tool The selected tool is Burp Suite which is an integrated platform for handling and performing the different security tests for the applications on web. There are tools which work for the complete support of the testing and the processing from the initial mapping as well as the analysis of the application. This is setup through the proper finding of the attack surface as well as the exploitation of the different security vulnerabilities. Burp has been able to give a complete control by letting the advancement of the manual techniques which are set under the state-of-art combination to work faster with more effectiveness. The suite is easily used with the allowing of the new users to work in a proper manner. These are highly configured with a proper numbered features which are important for the assistance of the experienced testers. The burp suits has been created by a Port Swigger which is a complete JAVA based software tool platform for the performance of the proper testing of security of different web applications. This is based on the combination of the automated and the other manual settings which are based on holding the following tools. Features of the tool Proxy Burp This allows us to inspect and properly modify the traffic which is between the applications of the browser and the target system. Spider- This allows the application awareness to handle the content of crawling and the functionality patterns. Scanner- This is mainly to evaluate the advanced web applications for the automation process which is mainly for the detection of the different types of the vulnerability features. Intruder tool- This is mainly for handling the performance of the powerful and the customised attacks which are mainly to find the unusual vulnerability. Repeater- This is mainly for the manipulation of the requestions ad resending them to the individuals. Sequencer- It is mainly for handling the testing of the session tokens with the randomness. The burp suite gives us the ability to save work and help in the extension which will easily allow all the plugins to be written easily for performing different complex tasks which are highly customised in the system of Burp. It has the ability to handle the work where you can resume it anytime you want. Techniques used by the tool to exploit vulnerabilities of information systems Burp Spider The major focus has been on the mapping of the different applications of the web which automate the tasks of the catalogues along with handling the content and the functionality. This work lets us to work through the browser by properly inspecting all the traffic which is being passed through the proxy as well as the catalogue. There have been active crawl of the applications which are based on following the links automatically with the submission of the forms and the response for the content. They are able to take hold of the spidering actions with the detailed configuration of the spider engineer. After the process of the entire application, the Burp site is able to review the entire content for discovering the active spidering functions. Comprer It is able to handle the data items between the two different responses of the web applications. These are mainly to identify and handle the failed log with the invalid and the valid usernames and the received resources to identify the different requests on the different behavioural patterns. Decoder This transforms the raw data in an encoded form and then to the canonical version. It has a complete ability to recognise the different coding formats. Sequencer This is able to analyse the application sessions which are set under the randomised token with the unpredictability depending on the security. Repeater The modifications of the individual requestions are HTTP and response. These are set for sending the requests to the Repeater from a particular site map targets which completely attack the results or are through the browsing history patterns for the Burp Proxy. Intruder This is mainly for the optimisation of the customised attacks. Scanner This is mainly by setting the tests of penetration which fits with the different techniques for the performance of the semi-automated and the penetration tests of the web applications. Proxy These are mainly set to handle the testing and the attacking application on the web server. The operations are between both the target and the end web browser as a settled middle-man. These are able to completely modify, inspect and handle the raw traffic which is passed in different directions. Experimental setup and evidence of usage of the tool. Include screenshots of vulnerability testing. Configure BurpSuite Proxy Options: Set interface 127.0.0.1:8080 Conclusions Burp Suite has been able to handle the tools integration with the focus on the performance of the different security tests on the different web applications. These are mainly to perform the web attacking applications. It contains all the interfaces and the tools which are mainly for the speed up and the process facilitation of the different applications. The tools are mainly set for handling the framework of the extensibility, alerts, login and the other upstream proxies which are important for the setup of the authentication, HTTP request and the persistency. This is also able to combine the automation of the techniques to attack, scan and properly analyse the applications on the web. The tools for the working of Burp are set to allow the identified findings along with holding the foundation of the different tools and the system process. These are mainly for the identification of the vulnerability process to map and set the exploitation phase. References Druin, J. (2012). Mutillidae: Brute Force Page Names using Burp-Suite Intruder.Retrieved June,30, 2013. Garn, B., Kapsalis, I., Simos, D. E., Winkler, S. (2014, July). On the applicability of combinatorial testing to web application security testing: a case study. InProceedings of the 2014 Workshop on Joining AcadeMiA and Industry Contributions to Test Automation and Model-Based Testing(pp. 16-21). ACM. Sidiropoulos, N., Stefopoulos, P. (2013). Smart tv hacking.Research project,1, 2012-2013. Scandariato, R., Walden, J., Joosen, W. (2013, November). Static analysis versus penetration testing: A controlled experiment. InSoftware Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), 2013 IEEE 24th International Symposium on(pp. 451-460). IEEE.